Use were actually associated with a reducedĪssociations were not statistically significant, but in the group of men who had sex with However, far from their being risk factorsįor HIV infection, in the whole group, having had sex with a female sex worker and injection drug Perhaps surprisingly,Įven the proportion who had had sex with female sex workers was higher than in Money, and no less than 69% had used methamphetamines. OfĪll MSM, 19% had been jailed, 16% had ever had forced sex, 31% had sold sex for Who’d had sex with men (except injection drug use, which was no more common). Other risk factors were all heightened in men Partners (the median number), which doubled the HIV risk. Had HIV), ever having had forced sex, and having had more than six lifetime sex Risk factors were having been paid for sex (5.6% of respondents had, and 2% of those Less than 10 years’ education with a 1.7-fold raised risk. Graduate was associated with a nearly twofold raised risk of HIV and having Included having a lot or a little education, compared with the average: being a Sex with a female sex worker, 10% had been in prison and no less than 52% hadĮver used non-injectable methamphetamine which, as Yaa Baa (‘mad pills’), is the most common recreational drug in the While only 3.2% of all respondents had ever injected drugs, 33% had had So this survey would tend to under-represent certain self-identified MSM. 'Out' Kaoteys would tend to be exempted from military service, until 2011 because they had a 'mental disorder', now changed to 'gender identity disorder'. If non-gay-identified MSM are more likely to be insertive, this would explain why activity was less predictive of HIV than identity.Īnother might be that the culturally-accepted way of being an MSM in Thailand, at least outside urban centres with gay scenes, has tended to be to become a Katoey (ladyboy/transgender). More likely to have HIV and exclusive ‘bottoms’ 8.6 times more likely. HIV infection: compared with exclusive ‘tops’, versatile gay men were 6.8 times Greater risk factor than behaviour was that sex role was highly predictive of One of the explanations for desire being a HIV, and solely having sex with men with a 35-fold raised risk but defining oneself asĪssociated with a 26-fold raised risk, and as wanting sex only with men with an Sex with both men and women was associated with a 4.5-fold higher risk of having
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Men from all provinces in Thailand were included and from both urban and rural areas. Therefore serving in the army had no influence on the results. It was conducted no more than two weeks after induction and This survey thus constituted a truly randomised,Ĭross-sectional survey of the 21-year-old men who were inducted into the All 21-year old Thai men enterĪ lottery at the age of 21 for conscription into the Thai army and of these halfĪ million young men, 60,00 to 100,000, in any year, are conscripted, twice a year in May and October.
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The survey was conducted among over 35,000Īrmy conscripts from all parts of Thailand. You do,” actual male/male sexual behaviour, while still an important riskįactor, was not as strongly associated with being HIV positive as gay identity. Contrary to the oft-quoted saying “it’s not who you are, but what Thai men, presented at the 19th International AIDS Conference in Washington recently, has found that by far the largest risk factor for HIV infection is A large, randomised sample of 21-year-old